With the change of the market, the railway industry develops faster and faster. At the same time, the railway industry also puts forward higher requirements for the quality and efficiency of railway vehicle maintenance. Therefore, in view of the actual situation of vehicle maintenance in the railway market, the Ministry of Railways of our country has reformed the system of vehicle maintenance in our country, extended the period of factory repair and depot repair, and shortened the time of vehicle maintenance. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of maintenance work under the premise of ensuring the quality of railway vehicle maintenance. It has become the concern of many railway vehicle maintenance workers. This part introduces a new type of inspection tool for railway vehicle maintenance and its application in railway vehicle maintenance.

工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡在車輛維修檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用

Application of industrial endoscope in vehicle maintenance and inspection

工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)與其他無(wú)損檢測(cè)方式較大的不同是，它可以直接反映出被檢測(cè)物體內(nèi)外表面的情況，而不需要通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比或檢測(cè)人員的技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)判斷缺陷的存在與否。并且在檢測(cè)的同時(shí)，我們可以使用工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備對(duì)整個(gè)檢測(cè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)的錄影記錄或照相記錄，并能對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷進(jìn)行定量分析，測(cè)量缺陷的長(zhǎng)度，面積等數(shù)據(jù)。

Industrial endoscope testing is different from other nondestructive testing methods in that it can directly reflect the internal and external surface conditions of the tested object, and does not need to judge the existence of defects through data comparison or the skills and experience of testing personnel. And at the same time, we can use the industrial endoscope equipment for dynamic video recording or photographic recording of the whole detection process, and can quantitatively analyze the defects found, and measure the length, area and other data of defects.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)在鐵路行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用非常的廣泛，涉及到鐵路工程車輛和運(yùn)輸車輛的開發(fā)制造，維護(hù)檢修等不同的領(lǐng)域，甚在鐵路的基建過(guò)程，如橋梁和隧道的建造，維修中也能找到工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡的應(yīng)用。那么在鐵路車輛的檢修工作中，內(nèi)窺鏡的主要應(yīng)用包括齒輪箱，空心水平車軸，電動(dòng)機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)向架側(cè)架，搖枕和避震彈簧，空調(diào)換氣系統(tǒng)檢查等各方面。

In general, industrial endoscope detection is widely used in the railway industry, involving the development, manufacturing, maintenance and repair of railway engineering vehicles and transport vehicles, and even in the process of railway infrastructure construction, such as the construction and maintenance of bridges and tunnels. So in the maintenance of railway vehicles, the main application of endoscope includes gearbox, hollow horizontal axle, motor, bogie side frame, bolster and shock spring, air conditioning and ventilation system inspection and other aspects.
              

齒輪箱檢查

Gearbox inspection

隨著機(jī)車的使用和運(yùn)行，不可避免的是牽引齒輪箱會(huì)出現(xiàn)齒輪磨損，咬合不良等問(wèn)題，情況嚴(yán)重的甚會(huì)導(dǎo)致齒輪箱報(bào)廢和脫軌。使用工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)方式，利用其可彎曲導(dǎo)向的插入管，通過(guò)齒輪箱的油量觀察口進(jìn)入齒輪箱內(nèi)部，檢查齒輪情況和齒輪箱底部是否有異物存在。這樣的檢查方式能夠非常直觀地表現(xiàn)齒輪箱內(nèi)部的情況，并且通過(guò)工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡的圖像記錄功能，我們能夠?qū)z查到的情況進(jìn)行照相存檔，并使遠(yuǎn)程診斷得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

With the use and operation of the locomotive, it is inevitable that the traction gearbox will have problems such as gear wear, bad occlusion, etc., and even lead to the scrapping and derailment of the gearbox. Using the industrial endoscope detection method, using its flexible guide insertion tube, through the oil quantity observation port of the gearbox, it enters into the gearbox to check the gear condition and whether there are foreign matters at the bottom of the gearbox. This kind of inspection method can intuitively show the internal situation of the gearbox, and through the image recording function of the industrial endoscope, we can take photos and archive the detected situation, and realize the remote diagnosis.

牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)檢查

Inspection of traction motor

車的牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)通常安裝在機(jī)車底部，不但啟動(dòng)停車頻繁，運(yùn)行中振動(dòng)大而且安裝空間狹小，又要承受風(fēng)沙、雨、雪及灰塵的侵襲，使用條件非常惡劣，因而極易發(fā)生故障。一般來(lái)講電動(dòng)機(jī)的故障主要會(huì)有電機(jī)環(huán)火(電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)油或電刷不良碎裂引起)，絕緣破損，軸承磨損，繞線組間或引出線，刷架聯(lián)線的斷裂。在段修時(shí)，我們需要完全拆卸分解電動(dòng)機(jī)才能完成檢查，但是運(yùn)用工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡以后，我們就可以通過(guò)維修窗或冷卻孔插入工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡進(jìn)行檢查，來(lái)觀察電動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部的油污，積炭，軸承及引線狀況。

The traction motor is usually installed at the bottom of the locomotive, which not only starts and stops frequently, but also vibrates greatly in operation, and the installation space is narrow, and it also bears the invasion of sand, rain, snow and dust. The service conditions are very bad, so it is very easy to fail. Generally speaking, the main faults of the motor are motor ring fire (caused by motor oil or bad broken brush), insulation damage, bearing wear, winding group or lead wire, brush holder wire breakage. During depot repair, we need to completely dismantle and disassemble the motor to complete the inspection. However, after using the industrial endoscope, we can insert the industrial endoscope through the maintenance window or cooling hole for inspection to observe the oil stain, carbon deposit, bearing and lead condition inside the motor.

除了以上提到的一些檢查應(yīng)用，工業(yè)視頻內(nèi)窺鏡還被應(yīng)用于很多的檢查。比如說(shuō)對(duì)車廂的空調(diào)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的檢查，維修機(jī)車柴油內(nèi)燃齒輪箱的檢查，城市軌道車輛車門系統(tǒng)檢查，鐵路基建工程如隧道，橋梁的施工建造質(zhì)量檢查和老化檢查等等。

In addition to the above mentioned examination applications, industrial video endoscopy is also used in many examinations. For example, the inspection of the air conditioning and ventilation system of the carriage, the inspection of diesel internal combustion gearbox of maintenance locomotive, the inspection of door system of urban rail vehicles, the construction quality inspection and aging inspection of railway infrastructure projects such as tunnels and bridges, etc.

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