在使用工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)前，應(yīng)注意提前了解產(chǎn)品的性能參數(shù)、使用環(huán)境、檢測(cè)工況、被檢測(cè)目標(biāo)等具體情況，方能實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的檢測(cè)效果。影響工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)效果的幾個(gè)主要因素有：

Before using the industrial endoscope, we should pay attention to the performance parameters of the product, the use environment, the detection condition, the detected target and other specific conditions in advance, in order to achieve better detection effect. There are several main factors that affect the detection effect of industrial endoscope

1、照明條件（光源）

1. Lighting conditions (light source)

內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)大多使用內(nèi)窺鏡自帶光源進(jìn)行照明。一般條件下，要求內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)照明光源色溫不低于5600K，照明強(qiáng)度不低于2600lm。工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡一般有前置和后置兩種照明方式。前置照明是通過將數(shù)顆LED燈珠集成于探頭前端，這種方式成本較低，而且壽命短、容易損壞。后置照明則是通過導(dǎo)光光纖，將內(nèi)置于主機(jī)的LED光源傳導(dǎo)到前端用于照明。這種照明方式大大提高了照明亮度，而且壽命較長(zhǎng)。目前主流的電子視頻內(nèi)窺鏡大部分采用后置導(dǎo)光。

Endoscope detection mostly uses the light source of endoscope for illumination. Under general conditions, the color temperature of the light source for endoscope detection should not be lower than 5600k, and the illumination intensity should not be lower than 2600lm. Industrial endoscopes generally have two lighting modes: front and back. The front lighting is realized by integrating several LED lamp beads into the front end of the probe, which has the advantages of low cost, short service life and easy damage. The rear lighting transmits the LED light source built in the host to the front for lighting through the light guide fiber. This lighting method greatly improves the brightness of lighting, and has a long life. At present, most of the mainstream electronic video endoscopes use rear light guide.

2、探頭位置與角度

2. Probe position and angle

通常在距離檢測(cè)區(qū)域5~25mm范圍內(nèi)觀察圖像的效果非常好 ，因此往往需要內(nèi)窺鏡探頭盡量靠近觀測(cè)點(diǎn)。探頭與觀察物平面在45゜~90゜范圍內(nèi)都可以達(dá)到較好的觀察效果，在實(shí)際工作中是通過反復(fù)改變探頭與觀察點(diǎn)的位置與角度找到合適的觀察位置，并獲得不錯(cuò)的檢測(cè)效果。

Generally, it is very good to observe the image within the range of 5 ~ 25 mm from the detection area, so the endoscopic probe is often required to be as close to the observation point as possible. The probe and observation plane can achieve good observation effect in the range of 45 ゜ ~ 90 ゜. In practical work, we can find the appropriate observation position by repeatedly changing the position and angle of the probe and observation point, and obtain good detection effect.
               

3、檢測(cè)通道

3. Detection channel

探頭可以通過狹小、彎曲的通道進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。選擇通道時(shí)應(yīng)了解通道的情況，檢測(cè)時(shí)盡量靠近需要檢測(cè)位置，選擇進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)度短的通道，盡量減少探頭需要彎曲的次數(shù)及程度；考慮由上到下，由高到低的通道；優(yōu)先選擇寬闊的通道；使用輔助工具（如居中器等），保證探頭在產(chǎn)品通道中的正確方向；應(yīng)采用邊觀察邊通過的方法在通道中行進(jìn)。

The probe can detect through narrow and curved channel. When selecting the channel, we should first understand the situation of the channel. When detecting, we should try to be close to the position to be detected. We should choose the channel with short length to reduce the number and degree of bending of the probe; First, we consider the channel from top to bottom and from high to low; Wide channel is preferred; It is recommended to use auxiliary tools (such as centering device) to ensure the correct direction of the probe in the product channel; We should use the method of observing and passing through the channel.

4、圖像畸變

4. Image distortion

內(nèi)窺鏡的圖像畸變是通過透鏡觀察物體產(chǎn)生的變形現(xiàn)象，隨著從透鏡中心到邊緣距離的加大，圖像形態(tài)會(huì)發(fā)生改變。圖像的畸變會(huì)對(duì)缺陷的判斷及測(cè)量產(chǎn)生影響。直桿鏡、光纖鏡觀察時(shí)圖像的畸變較大，視頻內(nèi)窺鏡可通過計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行較正。

The image distortion of endoscope is the deformation phenomenon of observing the object through the lens. With the increase of the distance from the center of the lens to the edge, the image shape will change. The distortion of image will affect the judgment and measurement of defects. The distortion of the image is large when observed by the straight rod mirror and the optical fiber mirror, and the video endoscope can be corrected by the computer.

5、圖像分辨率

5. Image resolution

圖像分辨率指圖像中存儲(chǔ)的信息量，是每英寸圖像內(nèi)有多少個(gè)像素點(diǎn)，分辨率的單位為PPI(Pixels Per Inch)，通常叫做像素每英寸。圖像分辨率一般被用于ps中，用來改變圖像的清晰度。圖像分辨率越高圖像越清晰。圖像分辨率是內(nèi)窺鏡自身重要技術(shù)指標(biāo)，可直接影響到探測(cè)的結(jié)果。

Image resolution refers to the amount of information stored in the image, which is the number of pixels per inch of the image. The unit of resolution is PPI (pixels per inch), which is usually called pixel per inch. Image resolution is generally used in PS to change the definition of the image. The higher the image resolution, the clearer the image. Image resolution is an important technical index of endoscope, which can directly affect the detection results.

6、圖像放大倍數(shù)

6. Image magnification

圖像放大分為光學(xué)變焦和數(shù)碼變焦，前者通過改變焦距，放大圖像不改變清晰度，后者則是利用軟件放大，相當(dāng)于通過軟件處理對(duì)已有像素周邊的色彩進(jìn)行判斷，根據(jù)周邊的色彩情況插入經(jīng)特殊算法加入的像素，這種情況下放大倍數(shù)越高會(huì)使圖像更模糊。

Image magnification is divided into optical zoom and digital zoom. The former enlarges the image without changing the definition by changing the focal length, while the latter enlarges the image by using software, which is equivalent to judging the color around the existing pixels by software processing, and inserting the pixels added by a special algorithm according to the surrounding color. In this case, the higher the magnification, the more blurred the image.

7、可檢測(cè)其小缺陷

7. Small defects can be detected

可檢測(cè)小缺陷則與圖像清晰度、測(cè)量精度等指標(biāo)密切相關(guān)。

Small defects that can be detected are closely related to image clarity, measurement accuracy and other indicators.

8、物體表面的反射率

8. Reflectivity of object surface

不同的物體表面有不同的反射率，和物體的材料和表面的粗糙程度都有關(guān)系。在實(shí)際檢測(cè)中，有些較為光亮的反射面，在亮度較高時(shí)反而難以實(shí)現(xiàn)較為準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)效果。因此實(shí)際檢測(cè)工作中應(yīng)該根據(jù)具體的情況選擇內(nèi)窺鏡照明的強(qiáng)度以便得到清晰有用的結(jié)果。一般情況下工業(yè)內(nèi)窺鏡都具有多級(jí)照明調(diào)節(jié)功能，有部分產(chǎn)品則會(huì)采用軟件控制自動(dòng)調(diào)光，可以根據(jù)環(huán)境進(jìn)行調(diào)整照明亮度。

Different surfaces have different reflectivity, which is related to the material and surface roughness. In the actual detection, it is difficult to achieve a more accurate detection effect when the brightness of some brighter reflectors is higher. Therefore, the intensity of endoscope illumination should be selected according to the actual situation in order to get clear and useful results. In general, industrial endoscope has multi-level lighting adjustment function, some products will use software to control automatic dimming, which can adjust the lighting brightness according to the environment.